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Research

Our scientific database of clinical evidence used to design each of our programs.

Diabetes

Diabetes

Low-Carbohydrate Diets in the Management of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: A Review from Clinicians Using the Approach in Practice

Tara Kelly, David Unwin, Francis Finucane

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Diabetes

Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report

Alison B. Evert, Michelle Dennison, Christopher D. Gardner, W. Timothy Garvey, Ka Hei Karen Lau, Janice MacLeod, Joanna Mitri, Raquel F. Pereira, Kelly Rawlings, Shamera Robinson, Laura Saslow, Sacha Uelmen, Patricia B. Urbanski, William S. Yancy

Diabetes

Improving the Scientific Rigour of Nutritional Recommendations for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review of the American Diabetes Association Guideline-Recommended Eating Patterns

Sarah J Hallberg, Nancy E Dockter, Jake A Kushner , Shaminie J Athinarayanan

Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism

Diabetes

Dietary carbohydrate restriction improves metabolic syndrome independent of weight loss Copy

Parker N. Hyde, Teryn N. Sapper, Christopher D. Crabtree, Richard A. LaFountain, Madison L. Bowling, Alex Buga, Brandon Fell, Fionn T. McSwiney, Ryan M. Dickerson, Vincent J. Miller, Debbie Scandling, Orlando P. Simonetti, Stephen D. Phinney, William J. Kraemer, Sarah A. King, Ronald M. Krauss, and Jeff S. Volek

Diabetes

A carbohydrate-reduced high-protein diet improves HbA1c and liver fat content in weight stable participants with type 2 diabetes

Mads J. Skytte, Amirsalar Samkani, Amy D. Petersen, Mads N. Thomsen, Arne Astrup, Elizaveta Chabanova, Jan Frystyk, Jens J. Holst, Henrik S. Thomsen, Sten Madsbad, Thomas M. Larsen, Steen B. Haugaard & Thure Krarup

Diabetes

Long-Term Effects of a Novel Continuous Remote Care Intervention Including Nutritional Ketosis for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes: A 2-year Non-randomized Clinical Trial

Shaminie J. Athinarayanan, Rebecca N. Adams, Sarah J. Hallberg, Amy L. McKenzie, Nasir H. Bhanpuri, Wayne W. Campbell, Jeff S. Volek, Stephen D. Phinney, James P. McCarter

Frontiers in Endocrinology

Diabetes

Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves Insulin Sensitivity, Blood Pressure, and Oxidative Stress Even without Weight Loss in Men with Prediabetes

Elizabeth F. Sutton Robbie Beyl Kate S. Early William T. Cefalu Eric Ravussin Courtney M. Peterson

Cell Metabolism

Diabetes

Carbohydrate restriction for glycaemic control in Type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

P. D. McArdle S. M. Greenfield S. K. Rilstone P. Narendran M. S. Haque P. S. Gill

Diabetic Medicine

Diabetes

Effects of low-carbohydrate- compared with low-fat-diet interventions on metabolic control in people with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review including GRADE assessments

Esther J van Zuuren, Zbys Fedorowicz, Ton Kuijpers and Hanno Pijl

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Diabetes

Effect of dietary carbohydrate restriction on glycemic control in adults with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Emma Sainsbury, Nathalie V.Kizirian, Stephanie R.Partridge, TimothyGill, StephenColagiuri, Alice A.Gibson

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

Diabetes

Systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary carbohydrate restriction in patients with type 2 diabetes

Ole Snorgaard, Grith M Poulsen, Henning K Andersen, Arne Astrup

BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care

Diabetes

Efficacy of Low Carbohydrate Diet for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Yan Meng, Hao Bai , Shijun Wang, Zhaoping Li , Qian Wang, Liyong Chen

Diabetes Research Clinical Practice

Diabetes

Dietary carbohydrate restriction as the first approach in diabetes management: Critical review and evidence base

Richard D. Feinman, Wendy K. Pogozelski, Arne Astrup, Richard K. Bernstein, Eugene J. Fine, Eric C. Westman, Anthony Accurso, Lynda Frassetto, Barbara A. Gower, Samy I. McFarlane, Jörgen Vesti Nielsen, Thure Krarup, Laura Saslow, Karl S. Roth, Mary C. Vernon, Jeff S. Volek...,Jay Wortman, Nicolai Worm

Diabetes

Intermittent fasting vs daily calorie restriction for type 2 diabetes prevention: a review of human findings

Adrienne R. Barnosky Kristin K. Hoddy Terry G. Unterman Krista A. Varady

The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine

Diabetes

Randomization to a low-carbohydrate diet advice improves health related quality of life compared with a low-fat diet at similar weight-loss in Type 2 diabetes mellitus

H.Guldbrandac, T.Lindströmabc, B.Dizdara, B.Bunjakuac, C.J.ÖstgrenabcF.H.NystromabcM.Bachrach-Lindström

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

Diabetes

The effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-glycemic index diet on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Eric C Westman, William S Yancy, John C Mavropoulos, Megan Marquart, and Jennifer R McDuffie

Nutrition & Metabolism

Diabetes

A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet to treat type 2 diabetes

William S Yancy Jr, Marjorie Foy, Allison M Chalecki, Mary C Vernon & Eric C Westman

Nutrition & Metabolism

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

PCOS

Effects of a Ketogenic Diet in Overweight Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Antonio Paoli, Laura Mancin, Maria Cristina Giacona, Antonino Bianco and Massimiliano Caprio

Journal of Translational Medicine

PCOS

A New Approach to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: The Gut Microbiota

Gamze Yurtdaş & Yasemin Akdevelioğlu

Journal of the American College of Nutrition

PCOS

The Triad Of PCOS, Infertility And Metformin

Ayesha Khan, Nasim Karim, Jahan Ara Ainuddin

PCOS

The Effect of Low Carbohydrate Diet on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Xiaoshuai Zhang , Yang Zheng , Yanan Guo and Zhiwen Lai

International Journal of Endocrinology

PCOS

Association of polycystic ovary syndrome with metabolic syndrome and gestational diabetes: Aggravated complication of pregnancy

Kui Yao, Ce Bian and Xia Zhao

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

PCOS

The Effect of Low Carbohydrate Diets on Fertility Hormones and Outcomes in Overweight and Obese Women: A Systematic Review

Melanie McGrice and Judi Porter

PCOS

Focus on Metabolic and Nutritional Correlates of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Update on Nutritional Management of These Critical Phenomena

Mariangela Rondanelli , Simone Perna, Milena Faliva, Francesca Monteferrario, Erica Repaci, Francesca Allieri

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics

PCOS

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Insulin Resistance, and Obesity: Navigating the Pathophysiologic Labyrinth

Joselyn Rojas , Mervin Chávez, Luis Olivar, Milagros Rojas, Jessenia Morillo, José Mejías, María Calvo, and Valmore Bermúdez

International Journal of Reproductive Health

PCOS

Favourable metabolic effects of a eucaloric lower‐carbohydrate diet in women with PCOS

Barbara A. Gower Paula C. Chandler‐Laney Fernando Ovalle Laura Lee Goree Ricardo Azziz Renee A. Desmond Wesley M. Granger Amy M. Goss G.Wright Bates

Clinical Endocrinology

PCOS

Insulin resistance, obesity, inflammation, and depression in polycystic ovary syndrome: biobehavioral mechanisms and interventions

Kristen Farrell, M.S. and Michael H. Antoni, Ph.D

American Society for Reproductive Medicine

PCOS

The effects of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet on the polycystic ovary syndrome: A pilot study

John C Mavropoulos, William S Yancy, Juanita Hepburn & Eric C Westman

Nutrition & Metabolism

Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic Syndrome

Effect of a ketogenic diet on hepatic steatosis and hepatic mitochondrial metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Panu K. Luukkonen, Sylvie Dufour, Kun Lyu, Xian-Man Zhang, Antti Hakkarainen, Tiina E. Lehtimäki, Gary W. Cline, Kitt Falk Petersen, Gerald I. Shulman, and Hannele Yki-Järvinen

Metabolic Syndrome

Effects of weight loss during a very low carbohydrate diet on specific adipose tissue depots and insulin sensitivity in older adults with obesity

Amy M Goss, Barbara Gower, Taraneh Soleymani, Mariah Stewart, May Pendergrass, Mark Lockhart, Olivia Krantz, Shima Dowla, Nikki Bush, Valene Garr Barry & Kevin R. Fontaine

Nutrition & Metabolism

Metabolic Syndrome

Fecal microbiota transplantation improves metabolic syndrome parameters: systematic review with meta-analysis based on randomized clinical trials

Igor M.Proençaa, Jessica R.Allegrettib, Wanderley M.Bernardoa, Diogo T.H.de Mouraa, Alberto M.Ponte Netoa, Carolina O.Matsubayashia, Marcelo M.Flora, Ana P.S.T.Kotindaa, Eduardo G.H.de Mouraa

Nutrition Research

Metabolic Syndrome

Mental, emotional, and behavioral effects of ketogenic diet for non-epileptic neuropsychiatric conditions

Ruth B.Grigolon, Fernando Gerchman, Alice C.Schöffel, Emily R.Hawken, Hartej Gill, Gustavo H.Vazquez, Rodrigo B.Mansur, Roger S.McIntyre, Elisa Brietzke

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

Metabolic Syndrome

Ten-Hour Time-Restricted Eating Reduces Weight, Blood Pressure, and Atherogenic Lipids in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Michael J. Wilkinson, Emily N.C. Manoogian, Adena Zadourian, Hannah Lo, Savannah Fakhouri, Azarin Shoghi, Xinran Wang, Jason G. Fleischer, Saket Navlakha, Satchidananda Panda, Pam R. Taub

Cell Metabolism

Metabolic Syndrome

Reduction in Glycated Hemoglobin and Daily Insulin Dose Alongside Circadian Clock Upregulation in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Consuming a Three-Meal Diet: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Daniela Jakubowicz, Zohar Landau, Shani Tsameret, Julio Wainstein, Itamar Raz, Bo Ahren, Nava Chapnik, Maayan Barnea, Tali Ganz, Miriam Menaged, Naomi Mor, Yosefa Bar-Dayan, and Oren Froy

Metabolic Syndrome

Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Health, Aging, and Disease

Rafael de Cabo, Ph.D., and Mark P. Mattson, Ph.D

The New England Journal of Medicine

Metabolic Syndrome

Effect of breakfast on weight and energy intake: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Katherine Sievert, Sultana Monira Hussain, Matthew J Page, Yuanyuan Wang, Harrison J Hughes, Mary Malek, Flavia M Cicuttini

British Medical Journal

Metabolic Syndrome

The Effectiveness of Intermittent Fasting to Reduce Body Mass Index and Glucose Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Yongin Cho, Namki Hong, Kyung-won Kim, Sung joon Cho, Minyoung Lee, Yeon-hee Lee, Yong-ho Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, and Byung-Wan Lee

The Journal of Clinical Medicine

Metabolic Syndrome

Effects of a Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet on Hepatic Lipid Content in Adolescents with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Amy M. Goss, Shima Dowla, Ambika P. Ashraf, Mark Bolding, Shannon A. Morrison and Barbara Gower

Metabolic Syndrome

Impaired Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligand Production by the Gut Microbiota Is a Key Factor in Metabolic Syndrome

Jane M. Natividad, Allison Agus, Julien Planchais, ..., Ramnik J. Xavier, Henri Duboc, Harry Sokol

Cell Metabolism

Metabolic Syndrome

Intermittent fasting interventions for treatment of overweight and obesity in adults a systematic review and meta-analysis

Leanne Harris, Sharon Hamilton, Liane Azevedo, Joan Olajide, Caroline De Brún, Gillian Waller, Vicki Whittaker, Tracey Sharp, Mike Lean, Catherine Hankey, Louisa Ells

Metabolic Syndrome

Effects of a low carbohydrate diet on energy expenditure during weight loss maintenance: randomized trial

Cara B Ebbeling, Henry A Feldman, Gloria L Klein, Julia M W Wong, Lisa Bielak, Sarah K Steltz, Patricia K Luoto, Robert R Wolfe, William W Wong and David S Ludwig

The British Medical Journal

Metabolic Syndrome

Gut microbiota as a potential target of metabolic syndrome: the role of probiotics and prebiotics

Mingqian He and Bingyin Shi

Cell & Bioscience

Metabolic Syndrome

Flipping the Metabolic Switch: Understanding and Applying the Health Benefits of Fasting

Stephen D. Anton Keelin Moehl William T. Donahoo Krisztina Marosi Stephanie A. Lee Arch G. Mainous III Christiaan Leeuwenburgh Mark P. Mattson

Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic Effects of Intermittent Fasting

Ruth E. Patterson and Dorothy D. Sears

Annual Review of Nutrition

Metabolic Syndrome

Dietary carbohydrate intake, insulin resistance and gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease: a pilot study in European‐ and African‐American obese women

S. D. Pointer J. Rickstrew J. C. Slaughter M. F. Vaezi H. J. Silver

Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Metabolic Syndrome

Impact of Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Body Composition: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies

Y Hashimoto , T Fukuda, C Oyabu, M Tanaka, M Asano, M Yamazaki, M Fuku

Obesity Reviews

Metabolic Syndrome

Effects of Low-Carbohydrate Diets v. Low-Fat Diets on Body Weight and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials

Nadia Mansoor, Kathrine J Vinknes, Marit B Veierød, Kjetil Retterstø

British Journal of Nutrition

Metabolic Syndrome

The effects of low carbohydrate diets on liver function tests in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials

Fahimeh Haghighatdoost, Amin Salehi-Abargouei, Pamela J. Surkan and Leila Azadbakht

Journal of Research in Medical Science

Metabolic Syndrome

Akkermansia Muciniphila and Improved Metabolic Health During a Dietary Intervention in Obesity: Relationship With Gut Microbiome Richness and Ecology

Maria Carlota Dao, Amandine Everard , Judith Aron-Wisnewsky, Nataliya Sokolovska, Edi Prifti, Eric O Verger, Brandon D Kayser, Florence Levenez, Julien Chilloux, Lesley Hoyles, MICRO-Obes Consortium; Marc-Emmanuel Dumas, Salwa W Rizkalla, Joel Doré, Patrice D Cani , Karine Clément

Metabolic Syndrome

Effect of low-fat diet interventions versus other diet interventions on long-term weight change in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Dr Deirdre K Tobias, ScD Mu Chen, ScD Prof JoAnn E Manson, MD Prof David S Ludwig, MD Prof Walter Willett, MD Prof Frank B Hu, MD

The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology

Metabolic Syndrome

Dietary Intervention for Overweight and Obese Adults: Comparison of Low-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets. A Meta-Analysis

Jonathan Sackner-Bernstein , David Kanter and Sanjay Kaul

Metabolic Syndrome

Gut Bacteria in Health and Disease

Eamonn M. M. Quigley

Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Metabolic Syndrome

A Very Low-carbohydrate Diet Improves Symptoms and Quality of Life in Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Gregory L. Austin Christine B. Dalton Yuming Hu Carolyn B. Morris Jane Hankins Stephan R. Weinland Eric C. Westman William S. Yancy Jr Douglas A. Drossman

Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Metabolic Syndrome

A Very Low-Carbohydrate Diet Improves Gastroesophageal Reflux and Its Symptoms

Gregory L. Austin, Michelle T. Thiny, Eric C. Westman, William S. Yancy Jr. & Nicholas J. Shaheen

Digestive Diseases and Sciences

Metabolic Syndrome

A Low-Carbohydrate, Ketogenic Diet versus a Low-Fat Diet To Treat Obesity and Hyperlipidemia

William S. Yancy Jr., MD, MHS, Maren K. Olsen, PhD, John R. Guyton, MD, Ronna P. Bakst, RD, Eric C. Westman, MD, MHS

Annals of Internal Medicine